18 September 2012 The United Nations refugee agency today appealed for just under $40 million to help almost half a million civilians displaced by conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

An estimated 390,000 people have been internally displaced in eastern DRC and more than 60,000 Congolese have fled to neighbouring Rwanda and Uganda since fighting erupted in the North Kivu province in April between Government forces and the M23 rebel group.

“The situation remains volatile and we expect further displacement this year,” Melissa Fleming, spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), told reporters in Geneva.

The appeal covers the needs of 400,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) in the North Kivu, South Kivu and Orientale provinces and 75,000 refugees – 25,000 in Rwanda and 50,000 in Uganda.

“If the violence and abuse of civilians continues to rise in the eastern provinces, the number of new IDPs is expected to be even higher, and may reach as many as 760,000 in the coming months,” said Ms. Fleming.

Specific needs in DRC include emergency shelter for 40,000 households in North Kivu and Province Orientale; basic domestic items for 15,000 households, including 2,000 spontaneous returnees from Uganda; sanitary material for 50,000 women; and family latrines for 10,000 households.

Scarcity of land is the main challenge in Rwanda, Ms. Fleming noted. Kigeme refugee camp, which opened in June and hosted 13,000 people at the end of August, will have a capacity for 25,000 refugees. But it is located on hillsides in the Southern province.

“To make the land fully useable, the hillsides need to be terraced, which is an expensive process,” said Ms. Fleming. In addition to the refugees at Kigeme, almost 7,000 were accommodated by the end of August at the crowded Nkamira Transit Centre, which needs upgrading. The extra funding is also needed in areas such as registration, aid packages, education, health, livelihoods, fuel, and construction of latrines.

Remoteness of the area and lack of access are also major challenges in Uganda, the agency reported. Infrastructure and basic services, including facilities health centres and schools, are lacking at the reopened Rwamwanja settlement. Some 24,000 people have been transferred from Nyakabande to Rwamwanja and two other settlements since April. Service delivery in Nyakabande Transit Centre, where more than 40,000 people have been registered, is also a challenge.

Another major concern is the high prevalence of malnutrition, with current levels among arrivals well above what is acceptable in an emergency.

The extra funding is needed, among other things, to boost protection and community services, reinforce basic services; construction or rehabilitation of roads and facilities in Rwamwanja, including health clinics and a laboratory; provision of at least 20 new classrooms in existing schools and creation of a new one; 120 new water sources or boreholes; and shelter and sanitation kits.

UNHCR declared eastern Congo in a state of emergency in late May after the fighting erupted in April. Unrelated fighting in South Kivu between Mai Mai militia and the rebel Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) has also caused displacement, while a power vacuum in parts of the east has caused further insecurity and suffering for civilians.

“We are particularly alarmed about the large number of human rights violations in North and South Kivu, where more than 15,000 protection incidents, including, murder, rape and forced recruitment have been reported since April. The real number is probably much higher,” said Ms. Fleming.

According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), almost two million people are internally displaced in eastern DR Congo, including some 220,000 who have been forced to flee their homes since April in North Kivu, 108,000 in South Kivu and 62,000 in Orientale.

Article source: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42922&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo